Anxiety & Depression 5-HTTLPR Test

What is the function of the serotonin transporter?

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the brain that gives us feelings of pleasure and well-being. When serotonin is released from cells in the brain or neurons it sends out signals to be happy and content. The role of the serotonin transporter is to move serotonin from the synaptic cleft to the presynaptic neuron, allowing serotonin recycling in a sodium-dependent manner. The serotonin transporter is also important to maintain functional neural circuits connecting the amygdala and the cingulate regions of the brain. People with the “grouchy” gene produce lower levels of the serotonin transporter and have smaller amygdala and cingulate regions – two brain regions involved in emotional responses. These changes result in an increased likelihood of anxiety and depression in people with one or more copies of the “grouchy” gene.

How is the “grouchy” gene inherited?

The SLC6A4 gene is located on chromosome 17. We inherit two copies of the gene – one from each parent. Inheriting one or two copies of the short (“grouchy”) version is linked to an increased risk of depression.

Response to antidepressants

The “grouchy” variant of the SLC6A4 gene is associated with a decreased response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants. SSRIs (e.g. Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil) are commonly used as first-line treatment of depression, but 30-40% of affected people do not appear to benefit as well from this treatment. The molecular target of SSRIs is the 5-HTT serotonin transporter protein. Individuals with the “grouchy” variant produce lower levels of this protein, hence a decreased target for the SSRI antidepressant. Alternative antidepressants may be recommended for patients carrying the “grouchy” gene.

DNA testing for the “grouchy” gene

A simple DNA test can be done to find out which form of SLC6A4 a person has inherited. The test determines the length of the 5-HTTLPR region and distinguishes between the short form and the long form.

People with two copies of the short, “grouchy” form are more likely to be unhappy and will pass this form of the SLC6A4 gene to all of their children. People with two copies of the long form, have a decreased risk of unhappiness and depression. Heterozygotes have one copy of the long form and one copy of the short form. Having one copy of the “grouchy” gene also impacts the level of happiness and these individuals have a 50% chance of passing the “grouchy” gene to their children.

Three Easy Steps

Step 1: Order test kit online

Step 2: Collect DNA sample using a painless mouth swab, and mail to the lab in the provided return envelope

Step 3: Receive your results online

Click here for more details and to watch our explanatory video.